Because computers have become such an important aspect of our daily lives, almost every crime will likely have some electronic evidence. It is important for law enforcers to understand the benefits of electronic evidence, and to ensure that they handle digital evidence as carefully as physical evidence. Investigators may use digital forensics to show intent, cross-reference alibis or statements, or attribute data to a specific person. More difficult to follow than a “paper trail,” electronic records can still provide crucial information in criminal cases.

Past judicial interpretations of the Fourth Amendment have consistently sided with law enforcement in cases of warrantless searches of electronic information. The amendment states that, “the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause…”. However, because of the high incidence of electronic crime, searching electronic information is not considered unreasonable, and searching for information that would have required a warrant in past years has become legally obtainable in the electronic age. Law enforcement is pursuing more aggressive tactics to protect citizens from online crime.

This may come as bad news for digital criminals, and maybe even to radical proponents of civil liberties, but ultimately, the safety of private information is very important to most Americans. The law enforcement community is making good use of digital forensics as a revolutionary means in crime prevention and prosecution, and is beginning to catch up to the rapidly evolving cyber-criminals. Electronic evidence has become more important than physical evidence and has altered the very principles of crime scene investigation. Similarly, everyday citizens should become more careful with their sensitive information, and regularly check bank statements, credit card statements, or other activity in order to prevent identity theft and digital theft.

via Digital Forensics: What Footprints Do You Leave Online? | Forensic Science.