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Six U.S. Air Force cyber capabilities designated weapons | Reuters

The U.S. Air Force has designated six cyber tools as weapons, which should help the programs compete for increasingly scarce dollars in the Pentagon budget, an Air Force official said on Monday.

Lieutenant General John Hyten, vice commander of Air Force Space Command, which oversees satellite and cyberspace operation, said the new designations would help normalize military cyber operations as the U.S. military works to keep up with rapidly changing threats in the newest theater of war.

“This means that the game-changing capability that cyber is is going to get more attention and the recognition that it deserves,” Hyten told a cyber conference held in conjunction with the National Space Syposium in Colorado Springs.

Hyten’s remarks came a month after U.S. intelligence officials warned that cyber attacks have supplanted terrorism as the top threat to the country. Spending on cyber security programs has gone up in recent years, but may face pressure given mandatory across-the-board cuts to the Pentagon’s planned spending on military equipment, programs and staff.

Hyten said the recent decision by Air Force Chief of Staff General Mark Welsh to designate certain cyber tools as weapons would help ensure funding.

via Six U.S. Air Force cyber capabilities designated weapons | Reuters.

Predictive coding: What it is and what you need to know about it | Thomson Reuters (Lauren Aguiar and Jonathan A. Friedman)

Although the technologies involved with the concept of technology-assisted review, or “predictive coding,” have only emerged over the last several years, recent legal developments may signal a new chapter for electronic discovery in civil litigation.  Indeed, the first judicial opinion regarding predictive coding was issued just last year.

WHAT IS PREDICTIVE CODING?

Similar to the technologies employed by Netflix and Pandora, predictive coding relies on a human to code a sample of documents, called a “seed set,” that in turn allows a sophisticated computer algorithm to identify properties of those documents and then evaluate the remaining documents, looking for similar characteristics and making predictions about how they should be coded.  A human reviewer then examines those predictions and confirms or refines them through a series of iterative rounds of further coding.  Ideally, this “training” will ultimately lead the software to a point where its predictions are accurate enough to produce a set of documents with high recall and precision – meaning, respectively, that all and only the responsive documents are included.

via Predictive coding: What it is and what you need to know about it.

China blames U.S. for most cyberattacks against military Web sites | CNET News (Lance Whitney)

China has accused the U.S. for most of the cyberattacks launched against its military networks.

In a statement released today, China’s Ministry of National Defense said that cyberattacks against its military sites have increased over the past few years. Based on checks of IP addresses, the Defense Ministry claimed an average of 144,000 cyberattacks per month last year, according to Reuters.

And it fingered the U.S. for almost 63 percent of them.

via China blames U.S. for most cyberattacks against military Web sites | Security & Privacy – CNET News.

Continuing developments in merger-related litigation | Thomson Reuters (Joseph B. Crace and David Killion )

As anyone reading this blog is likely aware, shareholders (and their lawyers) continue to file “merger objection” lawsuits at a rather astounding rate.  In a March 2012 report, Cornerstone reported that 96 percent of mergers valued at over $500 million attract at least one lawsuit, and attract on average 6.2 lawsuits per deal. Eighty-five percentof mergers valued from $100-500 million attract a lawsuit (4.1 per deal on average).2  While most shareholder plaintiffs initially file suit looking for a “price bump” in the offered merger consideration, many settle for “supplemental disclosures” – in essence, additional information inserted into the proxy statement, which the plaintiff claims is material, the defendant claims is immaterial, and the conflict is resolved through payment of negotiated attorneys’ fees to plaintiff’s counsel with no monetary benefit to the class.

The stack of “year-end” blog posts and summaries clogging inboxes after the holidays confirms that the proliferation of merger objection lawsuits remains a matter of great concern to courts, commentators, and companies looking to acquire or be acquired.  In the case of the latter, there has even been some talk that D&O insurance carriers have taken merger litigation into account when calculating policy terms and premiums for 2013.  Some D&O insurers now consider merger litigation a “high-frequency product,” resulting in higher premiums, higher deductibles for M&A-related activity, and even M&A exclusions.3

Accordingly, 2012 was a year that featured some pushback by courts (and court-commentators) against merger litigation activity, especially (but not exclusively) in Delaware.

via Continuing developments in merger-related litigation.

Apple to hand out $100 million in iTunes credits to settle lawsuit – latimes.com (Salvador Rodriguez)

Apple has agreed to hand out more than $100 million in iTunes store credits to settle a lawsuit alleging that its iPhone and iPad apps allowed children to make purchases without their parent’s knowledge or consent.

The lawsuit, which was filed by five parents two years ago, alleged that Apple did not create parental controls to keep children from buying extra features sold within a video games app. The parents who filed the lawsuit said they didn’t realize their children were charging their accounts until they were billed. Some of the games were designed for children as young as 4 years old.

“Apple failed to adequately disclose that third-party game apps, largely available for free and rated as containing content suitable for children, contained the ability to make in-app purchases,” the lawsuit alleged, according to a report by Reuters.

via Apple to hand out $100 million in iTunes credits to settle lawsuit – latimes.com.